The final goal in Buddhism is the Nibbāna. Both the laities and the monks are in the same way to Nibbāna. The laities try to attain Nibbāna slowly, while monks are in a hurry to attain Nibbāna.
According to the Western view, Buddhism is an ascetic tradition. Therefore they should practice meditation. The practice of meditation should be done alone by associating forests, or empty places etc. To search practices economy is not applied. However, they have not considered the laities who supply four requisites to the Buddhist ascetics.
According to Buddhism, economy is very important to lead the happy life. The Noble Eightfold Path is also formed concerning the economy. That’s why the fifth path factor is named as Sammā Ājīva (Right Living). Right living is applied to the Ariyasāvaka
“Katamo cāvuso sammā ājīvo
Idāvuso ariyasāvako micchā ājīvaṁ …… “
In Budddhism the value of wealth is given in many places. Asamasamaya Sutta of Anguttara Nikāya states that if there is any disaster in the society, it is not the time to practice meditation. Therefore even the Buddha has advised his disciples to be considered the situation. This is stated by the Buddha because he has stated that the four requisites should be offered by the laities to the monks. In Gīhisāmicipaṭipadā Sutta of Anguttara Nikāya gives detailed accounts in this regard.
As the leader of the Buddhist dispensation, the Buddha has expected the well-being of the disciples. In Sabbāsa Sutta, Buddha has mentioned that the monks should be consumed to keep the body healthy for attaining Nibbāna. The practice of celibacy should be continued by feeding the body ( imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya vihiṁsuparatiyā brahmacriyānuggahāya ).
Buddhism concerns not only the economical development of the individual but also the inner development. In the Dvi-Cakkhu Sutta, it is mentioned that the individual should have two eyes. Buddha has similarly one eye to the economical background, the other eye to the moral background. These facts are discussed in details in Vaddhī Sutta. In the Sutta ten facts are given. Out of them five represent the economical development while the remaining five represent the moral background of the individual. The first five are given below:
1. Ketthavatthāhi Vaddhati (possession of land and goods)
2. Dhanadhaññena Vaddhati (wealth)
3. Puttadārehi Vaddhati (wife and children)
4. Dasakammakarāporisehi Vaddhati (servants)
5. Catuppadehi Vaddhati (four-footed animals)
If the person has the above-mentioned five facts, he is a wealthy person. However, in Buddhism there are accepted moral backgrounds also. If he has enough money and doesn’t have good moral background, he is a man with one eye as it is mentioned in Dvi-Cakkhu Sutta.
The morality is highly accepted in Buddhism. Therefore, it is introduced even for the wealthier person. Vaddhī Sutta introduced five facts to develop the moral background of the individual. They are (1)Saddhā (faith) (2)Sīla (morality) (3)Suta (listening) (4)Cāga (generosity) (5)Paññā (wisdom)
The person is rich with the facts mentioned above is a person with good moral behavior. However, both economical and moral background are expected in Buddhism.
Cakkavattisīhanāda Sutta of Dīghanikāya states that the social disharmony is occurred because of poverty. To fill the gap there are introduced giving different kinds of help to the poor. As the government it can produce the equipments to the farmers, carpenters, etc. And for the traders the government can produce a place to sell what the people need.
The general interpretation of Economics is “ It is the social science that studies production, distribution and consumption of goods and services”. In Buddhism production, distribution and consumption of goods and services are discussed. The difference between Buddhist economics and the subject economy is the ethical basis. In Buddhism, the priority is given to the morality (Sīla). All the Buddhists should follow the Noble Eightfold Path. When an individual follows the Path from beginning to the end, he comes to the 5th path factor, Sammā Ājīva (right living). The generally accepted view of Sammā Ājīva is abstaining from wrong way of trading. Accordingly, the fivefold of wrong trading are (1)Satta Vanijjha (selling animals) (2)Sattha Vanijjha (selling weapons) (3)Visa Vanijjha (selling poisons) (4)Maṇsa Vanijjha (selling fish and flesh) (5)Majjha Vanijjha (selling liquor)
As the traders they should not seek wealth through fivefold wrong trading.Buddha has mentioned several occupations that do not harm to the society. They are (1)Farming (2)Trading (3)Cattle keeping (4)Government service (5)Occupation on skills
In Kāmabhogi Sutta of Anguttara Nikāya states how one should earn money. In that Sutta, the five ways are given: (1)Seek after wealth lawfully (2)Make himself happy and cheerful (3)Share his wealth with others (4)Do meritorious deeds (5)Make use of his wealth without greed and longing, without infatuation, heedful of the danger and alive to his own salvation. According to the facts mentioned above not only they direct the person to the production but also to the consumption and distribution.
No comments:
Post a Comment