Yoga philososphy is for the mental and physical discipline of man, was developed by
following traditional religion and philosophical teachings. According to the scholar, yoga
philosophy began during the Brahmannist period, the texts states four kinds of yoga;
1. mantra yoga
2. laya yoga
3. hata yoga
4. Raja yoga
Therefore, the beginning of it would be from 700 to 500 B.C. Otherwise, regarding the
beginning of it this is, Śramana tradition. With the tradition, Ascetics follow yoga practice.
Therefore Śramana tradition is also concerned as a tradition that is helpful for the
development of yoga philosophy. Hindu philosophy is the more primitive philosophy. It also
introduced five kinds of yoga. There are,
1. Raja yoga
2. Karma yoga
3. Jnana yoga
4. Batki yoga
5. Hata yoga
Therefore, Above mentioned Hindu and Brahmana philosophies are responsible for the
Origination of yoga philosophy. In this philosophy,the basic yoga is Attanga. There are;
1. yama
2. Niyama
3. Asana
4. Pranayama
5. Pratyahara
6. Dharana
7. Dhyan
8. Samathi
That leads a man to attain concentration because at this way he/ she becomes one
with steady mind. According to the yama are to be practiced five aggregates,
1. Ashimsa
2. Satya
3. Astaya
4. Brahmacariya
5. Aparinraha.
By following above mentioned Attanga one can achieve steady concentration of the
mind through the path ended Samadhi. There is another path factor. That is called Vibhūti.
Through Vibhūti, One can get miraculous power. the is the end of practice of yoga. Further
study of Attanga is needed according to the subject matter.
Yama means refraining. Refraining from five kinds of misdeeds is called yama. there
are;
1. Ashimsa
2. Satya
3. Asataya
4. Brahmacariya
5. Aparigraya
According those five are to be refrained from one who refraining from above
mentioned five is a person who is a righteous one. Because one doesn't do any harm to the
society.
Niyama means observing. Mere refraining is not enough. Therefore “observing” should
be also practiced. With this path factor yogi can practice Observing the five factors. For the
practice of the five, one needs the following;
1. maitri (Loving kindness)
2. Karuna (compassion)
3. Mudita (sympathetic)
4. Upekkha (equanimity)
Therefore, after that yogi does welfare to the society.
Under the path factorm Asana, the following three should be practiced constantly.
Those are;
1. Tapas
2. Svadyaya
3. Isvarapranidhina.
Tapas mean keeping the body. With the first two path factors “yama and Niyama” the
yogi can easily practice third path.
Svadyaya means self-study and Isvarapranidhana the practice of meditation on Isvara. When
the yogi follows the meditation,pratipihsabhavana should be followed and it is a kind of
meditation. With this meditation one can eradicate the defilement. When the yoga meditation
the should practice his meditation with the following;
1. Sraddha (faith)
2. Viriya ( effort)
3. Prajna (wisdom)
4. 4.Pranayana(meditation)
However, though it is called Pranayana, the yogi can choose any object , on the other hand,
he can select Isvara also his object.
5. Pratyahara means withdrawal of Senseorans from external object. when the yogi keeps
his mind on the eye, he doesn't taste senses. This is the Pratyahara.
6. Dharana means concentration. Dharana should practice following four things.
1. Vitakka (thought)
2. Viicāra ( relfection)
3. Ananda (Joy)
4. Asmitā (myness)
7. Dhyana means fix mind steadily on one object. With this practice one can keep once
object for a long period of time when doing this meditation.
8. Samadhi is the last path factor, with this path factor that yogi should be able to
concentrate the mind without any object,the is the high Level of this.
Though there is no consciousness of subject, Object or thing, mind becomes steady and one
with the object or though.
According ti the yoga philosophy the path ends with Samadhi there is another factor call
Vibūti. These miraculous powers are same like Iddhi in Buddhism.
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